Which cognitive function is less affected by aging compared to others?

Intelligence, particularly fluid intelligence, tends to remain relatively stable throughout much of life, especially in comparison to other cognitive functions such as short-term memory. While certain aspects of intelligence, particularly those involving speed and adaptability, may decline with age, general knowledge and accumulated wisdom—often referred to as crystallized intelligence—tend to remain intact or can even improve over time. This stability in intelligence allows individuals to continue learning and applying their knowledge effectively, despite age-related declines in other cognitive areas.

On the other hand, short-term memory often experiences more significant declines as individuals age, making it less reliable. Creative thinking can also be impacted by aging, as cognitive flexibility may diminish, affecting the ability to generate novel ideas. Judgment, which involves processing new information and making decisions, might deteriorate due to potential declines in working memory and speed of processing. Thus, intelligence stands out for its relative resilience against the effects of aging.